{"id":118792,"date":"2025-05-12T18:02:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T02:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/2025\/05\/12\/from-anticipation-to-reality-cloc-global-institute-2025\/"},"modified":"2025-05-12T18:02:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T02:02:34","slug":"from-anticipation-to-reality-cloc-global-institute-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/2025\/05\/12\/from-anticipation-to-reality-cloc-global-institute-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"From Anticipation To Reality: CLOC Global Institute 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When I <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2025\/05\/opening-the-doors-to-change-what-to-expect-at-cloc-global-institute-2025\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">previewed<\/a> the 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/cloc.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CLOC Global Institut<\/a>e last week, I focused on the doors this conference promised to open: doors to AI integration, smarter vendor selection, operational maturity, and a redefinition of legal department value. Now, having spent four days immersed in sessions, keynotes, vendor conversations, and community exchanges (not to mention one hell of a party featuring Flo Rida and Flavor Flav), it seems CLOC is trying to embrace the changes AI is bringing and rethinking its role both in the legal department but also in the business itself.<\/p>\n<p><strong>From Fear and Loathing v. Today\u2019s Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In my pre-conference article, I wondered whether AI would make traditional CLM platforms obsolete. Would legal departments shift from reactive support of legal ops to seeing legal ops as a driver of change? I wondered if legal ops was struggling to find its place in a post-AI world. That the C-suite would see AI as being able to do a lot of what legal ops professionals are doing.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, there was a sense among some attendees that AI could diminish their role. But I also saw in Las Vegas a profession that seemed to be squarely facing the future. There was lots of talk about the need for human skills in the legal ops matrix. Lots of talk about how AI could be used by legal ops to do what they do better. AI and the changes it may bring weren\u2019t being thought of by most CLOC members as a future problem but a present reality. The people I talked to were asking how they could best use AI today to improve legal ops value.<\/p>\n<p>I also got the sense that legal ops teams are looking for opportunities for an enhanced role in the legal department and in the business as a whole.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The General Session<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the penultimate day of the conference, a general session entitled <em>Powerhouse Perspectives<\/em> \u2014 with a powerhouse panel of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.cmg.com\/leadership\/eric-d-greenberg\/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiF5OvopJeNAxULRjABHWjYDuoQFnoECAkQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2OmQX8xq-GDRfXF0hEqctx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Greenberg<\/a>, General Counsel of the Cox Media Group, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.lexfusion.com\/team\/d-casey-flaherty&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiCyfH8pJeNAxVEQTABHSaqFOAQFnoECDgQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3dZsy8CqVOEPcXczSqwgh7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Casey Flaherty<\/a>, Chief Strategy at LexFusion, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/cloc.org\/board\/aine-lyons\/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi82LKRpZeNAxVCSzABHbikEhAQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3TnnA7cvzTq5dVXHO7tXza\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aine Lyons<\/a>, Deputy General Counsel of Workday \u2014 encapsulated a lot of what I heard throughout out the conference.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AI Adoption Requires Leadership<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The session reinforced a core theme: AI adoption is as much a leadership challenge as a technical one.<\/p>\n<p>Legal departments are facing mounting pressure \u2014 from CEOs, boards, and peers \u2014 to operationalize GenAI. McKinsey reports and CLOC\u2019s own surveys show AI as a top C-suite priority, with 96% of GCs expecting increased budgets to support it.<\/p>\n<p>But while the business is pushing for transformation, the session panel highlighted that the biggest barriers aren\u2019t technical \u2014 they\u2019re human:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Perfectionism in law\u00a0makes teams wary of GenAI\u2019s imperfections.<\/li>\n<li>Siloed adoption\u00a0means tools are tested but not integrated.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural hesitation\u00a0leaves mid-level staff uncertain about how to engage with AI meaningfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As one panelist put it, \u201cThe tech is moving fast \u2014 but humans aren\u2019t.\u201d Change isn\u2019t about managing resistance, it\u2019s about building confidence across teams.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Legal Ops As a Change Driver<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One theme that echoed throughout the conference was the hope that legal ops could in fact evolve into a cross-functional agent of change. The general session panelists emphasized that legal ops teams should stop solving only legal problems and start using their skills to solve\u00a0broader business\u00a0problems.<\/p>\n<p>The Panelists highlighted how legal ops could do such things as:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify enterprise-wide inefficiencies (e.g., contract analytics, vendor risk)<\/li>\n<li>Collaborate with other functions like finance and procurement<\/li>\n<li>Uses data in new ways to justify budget, tools, and headcount<\/li>\n<li>Translate complex legal risk into actionable business decisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Using these skills to impact the broader business gives legal ops \u2014 already focused on making legal run like a business \u2014 an opportunity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GCs Are Strategically Elevating Legal Ops<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The perspective of the GCs on the general session panel is noteworthy. The two GCs viewed legal ops as indispensable but only because they view their partnership with the legal ops professionals as real. One GC called legal ops \u201cour department\u2019s chief navigator\u201d \u2014 bringing future-focused insight, not just cost management.<\/p>\n<p>To build this partnership, GCs urged legal ops to:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Be proactive in surfacing opportunities, not just reporting metrics<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate the ROI of operational changes<\/li>\n<li>Learn the business deeply enough to speak in outcomes, not just tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In turn, GCs were encouraged to create space at the table for legal ops to be full partners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Shift from Embedding Tech in Legal Processes to Embedding Legal in Business Processes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Relatedly, perhaps the most visionary comment came near the end of the session: \u201cWe need to stop embedding technology in legal processes \u2014 and start embedding legal knowledge in business processes.\u201d Instead of legal tech living in a silo, it should become a\u00a0service across the enterprise. Several GCs remarked they are leveraging legal ops to export capabilities into non-legal functions and generate savings. This could be big opportunity for legal ops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AI Use Cases Are Expanding<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The session panelists added to earlier conference discussions that gave examples of how GenAI is now or could be used in legal ops to further enhance value:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To\u00a0summarize documents, create charts, and synthesize tone and intent.<\/li>\n<li>To improve speed and reducing friction in compliance and billing.<\/li>\n<li>To use knowledge management to help legal teams avoid reinventing the wheel<\/li>\n<li>To simulate litigation strategies, producing perspective-shifting feedback<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Legal ops teams can use and should use AI tools to building playbooks for such things as rollout, onboarding, feedback loops, and even how to label AI contributions in deliverables.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Future Skills<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There was lots of talk throughout the conference on what skills legal ops professionals will need in the future. Things like human skills:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Curiosity: Always asking, \u201cCan AI do this better?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Storytelling: Using data not just to inform, but to persuade<\/li>\n<li>Empathy and translation: Meeting teams where they are<\/li>\n<li>Enterprise orientation: Solving business problems, not just legal ones<\/li>\n<li>Agility: Adapting in a world with no finish line but constant change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One session panelists called legal ops professionals \u201cambassadors of the future,\u201d and urged legal ops to become their organization\u2019s \u201cAI person\u201d\u2014not by title, but by action.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Cultural Gap<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Something I didn\u2019t focus on in my pre-conference discussion is the cultural gap between legal ops and law firm practice. Legal ops is agile, data-driven, and customer-centric. Law firms are often none of those things and until their business models shift, the transformation may stay one-sided.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expectation v. Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are some expectations I had going in versus what I actually saw and heard:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Outside Counsel Selection Would Be a Hot Topic: This was front and center with multiple vendors offering products to improve law firm selection and management.<\/li>\n<li>AI Would Be Ubiquitous and Replace CLM:. Instead of replacing CLM, GenAI seems to be embedded into it. Nevertheless, there seems to be lots of vendors in the space and consolidation is inevitable.<\/li>\n<li>Data Governance and Risk Concerns: I wondered whether privacy, compliance, and regulatory complexity would be top concerns in a world where AI touches sensitive legal data. This challenged was shared in many sessions. Legal ops teams are doing things like embedding structured onboarding, and creating governance models and AI usage guidelines into their tech rollouts. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Final Thought<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CLOC 2025 didn\u2019t just confirm much of what I expected, it demonstrated what could be the future for legal ops. Far from downcast, legal ops is an optimistic and upbeat profession right now.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n<p><em><strong>Stephen Embry is a lawyer, speaker, blogger and writer. He publishes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techlawcrossroads.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">TechLaw Crossroads<\/a>, a blog devoted to the examination of the tension between technology, the law, and the practice of law<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2025\/05\/from-anticipation-to-reality-cloc-global-institute-2025\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">From Anticipation To Reality: CLOC Global Institute 2025<\/a> appeared first on <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Above the Law<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>When I <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2025\/05\/opening-the-doors-to-change-what-to-expect-at-cloc-global-institute-2025\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">previewed<\/a> the 2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/cloc.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CLOC Global Institut<\/a>e last week, I focused on the doors this conference promised to open: doors to AI integration, smarter vendor selection, operational maturity, and a redefinition of legal department value. Now, having spent four days immersed in sessions, keynotes, vendor conversations, and community exchanges (not to mention one hell of a party featuring Flo Rida and Flavor Flav), it seems CLOC is trying to embrace the changes AI is bringing and rethinking its role both in the legal department but also in the business itself.<\/p>\n<p><strong>From Fear and Loathing v. Today\u2019s Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In my pre-conference article, I wondered whether AI would make traditional CLM platforms obsolete. Would legal departments shift from reactive support of legal ops to seeing legal ops as a driver of change? I wondered if legal ops was struggling to find its place in a post-AI world. That the C-suite would see AI as being able to do a lot of what legal ops professionals are doing.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, there was a sense among some attendees that AI could diminish their role. But I also saw in Las Vegas a profession that seemed to be squarely facing the future. There was lots of talk about the need for human skills in the legal ops matrix. Lots of talk about how AI could be used by legal ops to do what they do better. AI and the changes it may bring weren\u2019t being thought of by most CLOC members as a future problem but a present reality. The people I talked to were asking how they could best use AI today to improve legal ops value.<\/p>\n<p>I also got the sense that legal ops teams are looking for opportunities for an enhanced role in the legal department and in the business as a whole.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The General Session<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the penultimate day of the conference, a general session entitled <em>Powerhouse Perspectives<\/em> \u2014 with a powerhouse panel of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.cmg.com\/leadership\/eric-d-greenberg\/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiF5OvopJeNAxULRjABHWjYDuoQFnoECAkQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2OmQX8xq-GDRfXF0hEqctx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Greenberg<\/a>, General Counsel of the Cox Media Group, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.lexfusion.com\/team\/d-casey-flaherty&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiCyfH8pJeNAxVEQTABHSaqFOAQFnoECDgQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3dZsy8CqVOEPcXczSqwgh7\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Casey Flaherty<\/a>, Chief Strategy at LexFusion, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/cloc.org\/board\/aine-lyons\/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi82LKRpZeNAxVCSzABHbikEhAQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw3TnnA7cvzTq5dVXHO7tXza\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aine Lyons<\/a>, Deputy General Counsel of Workday \u2014 encapsulated a lot of what I heard throughout out the conference.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AI Adoption Requires Leadership<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The session reinforced a core theme: AI adoption is as much a leadership challenge as a technical one.<\/p>\n<p>Legal departments are facing mounting pressure \u2014 from CEOs, boards, and peers \u2014 to operationalize GenAI. McKinsey reports and CLOC\u2019s own surveys show AI as a top C-suite priority, with 96% of GCs expecting increased budgets to support it.<\/p>\n<p>But while the business is pushing for transformation, the session panel highlighted that the biggest barriers aren\u2019t technical \u2014 they\u2019re human:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Perfectionism in law\u00a0makes teams wary of GenAI\u2019s imperfections.<\/li>\n<li>Siloed adoption\u00a0means tools are tested but not integrated.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural hesitation\u00a0leaves mid-level staff uncertain about how to engage with AI meaningfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As one panelist put it, \u201cThe tech is moving fast \u2014 but humans aren\u2019t.\u201d Change isn\u2019t about managing resistance, it\u2019s about building confidence across teams.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Legal Ops As a Change Driver<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One theme that echoed throughout the conference was the hope that legal ops could in fact evolve into a cross-functional agent of change. The general session panelists emphasized that legal ops teams should stop solving only legal problems and start using their skills to solve\u00a0broader business\u00a0problems.<\/p>\n<p>The Panelists highlighted how legal ops could do such things as:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify enterprise-wide inefficiencies (e.g., contract analytics, vendor risk)<\/li>\n<li>Collaborate with other functions like finance and procurement<\/li>\n<li>Uses data in new ways to justify budget, tools, and headcount<\/li>\n<li>Translate complex legal risk into actionable business decisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Using these skills to impact the broader business gives legal ops \u2014 already focused on making legal run like a business \u2014 an opportunity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GCs Are Strategically Elevating Legal Ops<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The perspective of the GCs on the general session panel is noteworthy. The two GCs viewed legal ops as indispensable but only because they view their partnership with the legal ops professionals as real. One GC called legal ops \u201cour department\u2019s chief navigator\u201d \u2014 bringing future-focused insight, not just cost management.<\/p>\n<p>To build this partnership, GCs urged legal ops to:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Be proactive in surfacing opportunities, not just reporting metrics<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrate the ROI of operational changes<\/li>\n<li>Learn the business deeply enough to speak in outcomes, not just tools<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In turn, GCs were encouraged to create space at the table for legal ops to be full partners.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Shift from Embedding Tech in Legal Processes to Embedding Legal in Business Processes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Relatedly, perhaps the most visionary comment came near the end of the session: \u201cWe need to stop embedding technology in legal processes \u2014 and start embedding legal knowledge in business processes.\u201d Instead of legal tech living in a silo, it should become a\u00a0service across the enterprise. Several GCs remarked they are leveraging legal ops to export capabilities into non-legal functions and generate savings. This could be big opportunity for legal ops.<\/p>\n<p><strong>AI Use Cases Are Expanding<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The session panelists added to earlier conference discussions that gave examples of how GenAI is now or could be used in legal ops to further enhance value:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>To\u00a0summarize documents, create charts, and synthesize tone and intent.<\/li>\n<li>To improve speed and reducing friction in compliance and billing.<\/li>\n<li>To use knowledge management to help legal teams avoid reinventing the wheel<\/li>\n<li>To simulate litigation strategies, producing perspective-shifting feedback<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Legal ops teams can use and should use AI tools to building playbooks for such things as rollout, onboarding, feedback loops, and even how to label AI contributions in deliverables.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Future Skills<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There was lots of talk throughout the conference on what skills legal ops professionals will need in the future. Things like human skills:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Curiosity: Always asking, \u201cCan AI do this better?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Storytelling: Using data not just to inform, but to persuade<\/li>\n<li>Empathy and translation: Meeting teams where they are<\/li>\n<li>Enterprise orientation: Solving business problems, not just legal ones<\/li>\n<li>Agility: Adapting in a world with no finish line but constant change<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One session panelists called legal ops professionals \u201cambassadors of the future,\u201d and urged legal ops to become their organization\u2019s \u201cAI person\u201d\u2014not by title, but by action.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Cultural Gap<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Something I didn\u2019t focus on in my pre-conference discussion is the cultural gap between legal ops and law firm practice. Legal ops is agile, data-driven, and customer-centric. Law firms are often none of those things and until their business models shift, the transformation may stay one-sided.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expectation v. Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here are some expectations I had going in versus what I actually saw and heard:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Outside Counsel Selection Would Be a Hot Topic: This was front and center with multiple vendors offering products to improve law firm selection and management.<\/li>\n<li>AI Would Be Ubiquitous and Replace CLM:. Instead of replacing CLM, GenAI seems to be embedded into it. Nevertheless, there seems to be lots of vendors in the space and consolidation is inevitable.<\/li>\n<li>Data Governance and Risk Concerns: I wondered whether privacy, compliance, and regulatory complexity would be top concerns in a world where AI touches sensitive legal data. This challenged was shared in many sessions. Legal ops teams are doing things like embedding structured onboarding, and creating governance models and AI usage guidelines into their tech rollouts. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Final Thought<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CLOC 2025 didn\u2019t just confirm much of what I expected, it demonstrated what could be the future for legal ops. Far from downcast, legal ops is an optimistic and upbeat profession right now.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n<p><em><strong>Stephen Embry is a lawyer, speaker, blogger and writer. He publishes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techlawcrossroads.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">TechLaw Crossroads<\/a>, a blog devoted to the examination of the tension between technology, the law, and the practice of law<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The post <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/2025\/05\/from-anticipation-to-reality-cloc-global-institute-2025\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">From Anticipation To Reality: CLOC Global Institute 2025<\/a> appeared first on <a href=\"https:\/\/abovethelaw.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Above the Law<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When I previewed the 2025 CLOC Global Institute last week, I focused on the doors this conference promised to open: doors to AI integration, smarter vendor selection, operational maturity, and a redefinition of legal department value. Now, having spent four days immersed in sessions, keynotes, vendor conversations, and community exchanges (not to mention one hell [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-above_the_law"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118792"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118792\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xira.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}